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The DATA BANK function built into this unit gives it the capability to totally replace a standard notebook. For the sake of example here, the following scientific constant table will be input into the unit’s DATA BANK
SCIENTIFIC CONSTANT TABLE
| Name | Symbol | Numeric value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acceleration of free fall | g | 9.80665 | ms⁻² | FREE FALL |
| Speed of light (in space) | c | 2.99792458 × 10⁸ | ms⁻¹ | SPEED LIGHT |
| Planck’s constant | h | 6.626176 × 10⁻³⁴ | Js | PLANCK’S |
| Gravitational constant | G | 6.672 × 10⁻¹¹ | Nm²kg⁻² | GRAVITATION |
| Elementary charge | e | 1.6021892 × 10⁻¹⁹ | C | ELEMENTARY |
| Electron mass | me | 9.109534 × 10⁻³¹ | kg | ELECTRON |
| Atomic mass | u | 1.6605655 × 10⁻²⁷ | kg | ATOMIC |
| Avogadro constant | Nₐ | 6.022045 × 10²³ | mol⁻¹ | AVOGADRO |
| Boltzmann’s constant | k | 1.380662 × 10⁻²³ | JK⁻¹ | BOLTZMANN’S |
| Molar volume of ideal gas at s.t.p. | Vm | 2.241383 × 10⁻² | m³mol⁻¹ | IDEAL GAS |
The MEMO mode must be entered using the operation MODE 9 to allow input of data into the DATA BANK. At this time, the display should appear as illustrated below:
Mode symbol Record number
↓ ↓
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS DEG MEMO IN 1 │
│ │
│ ¯ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
↑
Cursor
The symbols appearing in the center of the top line of the display indicate that the current mode is the MEMO IN mode. The value on the upper right indicates the record number, which is actually DATA BANK data line number. The record number 1 indicates that there is still no data stored. The following is the procedure to enter the constant for the acceleration of free fall.
OPERATION:
CAPS G , → Lower case for input of g
9 . 80665 , → Numeric value input
M S - 2 → Lower case for input of ms⁻²
SPC CAPS F R E E SPC F A L L EXE → Upper case for remark input
Multiple items (i.e. symbols and values) can be included within a line by separating them with commas. The final step of the operation is the EXE key which writes the data into memory. This operation also causes the cursor to disappear from the display. Either press EXE again to display the cursor at the upper left or simply enter the first character for the next record. Either procedure switches to the next record number for entry of the next item.
OPERATION:
CAPS C , → Lower case for input of c
2.99792458 𝔼 8 , → Numeric value input (exponent entered using 𝔼 )
M S - 2 → Lower case for input of ms⁻²
SPC CAPS S P E E D SPC L I G H T EXE → Upper case for remark input
In this example, the value used as an exponent is entered using the 𝔼 key. Note that both upper case and lower case letters were used in the first two lines. Always check the display for the current mode. The indicator CAPS indicates the upper case mode, while a clear display at the CAPS position indicates lower case.
Repeat the procedures outlined above until all ten constants are stored, and then switch to the CAL mode by pressing MODE 0.
All the data stored can now be displayed to check for proper input. While in the CAL mode, press the MEMO key to display records 1 and 2. Note here that only record 1 is displayed if its length exceeds 32 characters.
┌──────────────────────────────────┐
│ g,9.80665,ms⁻2 FREE FALL │
│ c,2.99792458E8,ms⁻1 SPEED LIGHT │
└──────────────────────────────────┘
Pressing ↓ or EXE at this time displays record 2 and 3. Pressing ↑ or SHIFT EXE at any time displays the preceding record.
┌──────────────────────────────────┐
│ c,2.99792458E8,ms⁻1 SPEED LIGHT │
↓ │ h,6.626176E⁻34,Js PLANCK'S │
└──────────────────────────────────┘
*Note that the scrolling key operations noted above differ as follows:
| Operation | Results |
|---|---|
| EXE | Scrolls one record down. |
| SHIFT EXE | Scrolls one record up. |
| ↑ | Scrolls one line up. |
| ↓ | Scrolls one line down. |
Editing of stored data is performed in the MEMO IN mode ( MODE 9 ). Of course, data may also be changed during the input procedure (before EXE is pressed) by moving the cursor to the desired location using the cursor keys ( ← and → keys ) and then entering the correct data.
The following procedure is used to edit data which has already been stored.
EDIT appears on display to
indicated EDIT mode).EDIT disappears from display).The following example assumes that an error is discovered in RECORD 5 (elementary charge) during display in the CAL model.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS CAL DEG MEMO 5 │
│ │
│ e,1.6.21892E-19,C ELEMENTARY │
│ me,9.109534E-31,kg ELECTRON │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Press MODE 9 to enter the MEMO IN mode.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS CAL DEG MEMO IN 5 │
MODE 9 │ │
│ e,1.6.21892E-19,C ELEMENTARY │
│ me,9.109534E-31,kg ELECTRON │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Here, the cursor can be displayed by pressing ← and →. At this time,
the EDIT symbol also appears to indicate the EDIT mode.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS DEG MEMO IN EDIT 1 │
→ │ e,1.6.21892E-19,C ELEMENTARY │
│ ¯ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
↑
Cursor
Move the cursor to the desired location and enter the correct data.
Finally, press EXE to complete the procedure ( EDIT disappears from display).
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS DEG MEMO IN 1 │
→→→→→0 │ e,1.6.21892E-19,C ELEMENTARY │
EXE │ ¯ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
↑
Cursor
New records can be added to previously input records. Records can either be appended to the end of existing records, or inserted between to existing records.
The following example describes how to enter a record containing the constant for the absolute temperature of water at 0ºC between record 8 (Avogadro constant) and record 9 (Boltzmann’s constant).
| Name | Symbol | Numeric values | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute temperature of water at 0ºC | T0 | 273.15 | K | ABS TEMP |
Enter the above data after displaying RECORD 8 on the first line of the display.
OPERATION:
T 0, 273 . 15 , K ABS TEMP EXE
The result of the operation is as follows:
RECORD 8: Avogadro constant RECORD 9: Absolute temperature of water at 0ºC RECORD 10: Boltzmann’s constant RECORD 11: Molar volume of ideal gas at s.t.p
*To insert new data into RECORD 1, press SHIFT EXE after displaying RECORD 1, and then enter data for record 1. At this time, all following records are shifted downwards.
The following procedure is used to delete specific records from previously stored data.
EDIT symbol.Data bank contents are retained when the power of the unit is switched off and when the NEW, NEW ALL and CLEAR commands are executed. The following procedure is used to clear all current contents of the data bank.
IMPORTANT
Data cleared using the procedures outlined above cannot be recovered. Only delete or clear data when no longer required.
Press the MEMO key while in the CAL mode or MEMO IN mode displays record 1. Now, each press of the MEMO key shifts the cursor to the data to the right of the next comma following the current cursor position.
The EXE key can also be used to shift the cursor to the next data item, and SHIFT EXE can be used to shift to the previous data item.
Conditional search makes it possible to designate a specific letter, value or word (up to eight characters long) in order to quickly locate a desired record within a large file. Entering
In the following example, enter N MEMO to locate the Avogadro constant.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS CAL DEG MEMO 4 │
│ │
│ G,6.672E-11,Nm2kg-2 GRAVITATION │
│ e,1.6.21892E-19,C ELEMENTARY │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The first record to appear is record 4 (gravitational constant) because it contains the letter N following a comma. Press MEMO again to display the next data item which satisfies the stated condition.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ CAPS CAL DEG MEMO 8 │
│ │
│ Na,6.022045E23,mol-1 AVOGADRO │
│ k,1.380662E-23,JK-1 BOLTZMANN'S │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Here, the desired data item is located. Of course the MEMO key can be pressed as many times as desired until the
Data stored within the DATA BANK can also be accessed from a BASIC program using the following program commands.
The standard READ command is generally used to read DATA statements contained within a program. The READ# command, on the other hand, reads data from the DATA BANK. Data are read in units from the beginning of a group of data up to the next comma.
FORMAT: READ# variable name [, variable name]
As shown above, multiple variable names can be specified, with variable names being separated by commas. As with the standard READ, numeric data can only be assigned to numeric variables, and string data to string variables. Mismatching variable types results in a TM error, and executing the READ# command when data does not exist produces a DA error. Any leading spaces in a group of data are skipped, unless the group is included within quotation marks.
As with the standard RESTORE command, RESTORE# can be used to designate a specific position from which the READ# operation is to be performed.
FORMAT: RESTORE#
Simply executing RESTORE# specifies that the next READ# or WRITE# operation is to be performed at the beginning of data currently stored in the DATA BANK.
FORMAT: RESTORE# "object string"
Including an object string with the RESTORE# command specifies that the next READ# or WRITE# operation is to be performed from the data item which begins with the specified object string contained in the DATA BANK. A DA error is generated when the specified object string does not exist. The maximum capacity for a WRITE# operation is 255 characters, and exceeding this value results in an error.
FORMAT: RESTORE# "object string", 0
The above format is identical to RESTORE# "object string"
FORMAT: RESTORE# "object string", 1
The above format specifies that the next READ# or WRITE# operation is to be performed from the record which begins with the specified object string.
FORMAT: RESTORE# "object string", {0 or 1}, {line number or # program area number
The above format designates a jump to the specified line number or program area number for the next READ# or WRITE# operation when the specified object string does not exist.
The WRITE# command is used within a program to rewrite or delete DATA BANK data.
FORMAT: WRITE# DATA BANK data
The above format replaces existing data items with the specified
DATA BANK data, starting from the current READ#/
WRITE# position. In the case that data A, B, C exist
in the DATA BANK, with data B specified for the next
READ#/WRITE# operation,
executing WRITE# "Y,Z" results in A, Y, Z, C. The data line specified
for the next READ#/WRITE#
operation is deleted when the WRITE# command
is executed without specifying DATA BANK data.
The data bank function can be usd to perform a variety of tasks in addition to the applications outlined in this section of the manual. Virtually any data imaginable can be stored.
The formula storage function can be used in combination with DATA BANK to store, recall and execute formulas whenever they are needed.
┌─────┬─────────────────────────────────┐
│ 1 │ V = 4 * PI * R^3 / 3 │
├─────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│ 2 │ S = PI * R^2 │
├─────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│ 3 │ Y = 3 * X^2 + 4 │
├─────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│ 4 │ Z = SIN X + COS Y │
├─────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
│ 5 │ A = Z * 1.13 + X * 1.24 │
└─────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
The five formulas listed above are stored in the DATA BANK. Recall the third formula, transfer it to the formula storage function, and then execute it (in the CAL mode).
┌────────────────────────────────┐
MEMO │ V=4*PI*R^3/3 │(Displays 1st formula)
│ S=PI*R^2 │
└────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────┐
EXE │ S=PI*R^2 │(Displays 2nd formula)
│ Y=3*X^2+4 │
└────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────┐
EXE │ Y=3*X^2+4 │(Displays 3rd formula)
│ Z=SINX+COSY │
└────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────┐
IN │ Z=SINX+COSY │(Stores 3rd formula in
│ A=Z*1.13+X*1.24 │ memory)
└────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────┐
CALC │ X?_ │(Executes formula
│ │ stored in memory)
└────────────────────────────────┘
IMPORTANT
Note that DATA BANK record lines are limited to 255 characters. Care should be exercised when making changes using the WRITE# command not to exceed this limit. Doing so results in an error.